{"id":10802,"date":"2014-05-25T04:35:00","date_gmt":"2014-05-25T08:35:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-12T17:55:52","modified_gmt":"2020-09-12T21:55:52","slug":"httpstoritorigraceblogspotcom201304reel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/victoriagracehowell.com\/staging\/6258\/httpstoritorigraceblogspotcom201304reel\/","title":{"rendered":"The Psychology of Writing: Villain Motivation and the CANE Model: A Guest Post by Casey Lynn Covel"},"content":{"rendered":"


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\n<\/p>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
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\nI’m so sorry this post is late! I’ve been at MomoCon all this weekend, and it’s been exhausting. Posts will be at their regular times next week I promise. My good friend Casey Lynn Covel who I met at the Florida Christian Writers Conference<\/a> is guest posting this week! She is another aspiring writer. You can find her on Facebook<\/a>, Tumblr<\/a>, and her own blog Meek Geek<\/a>. ^ ^ Thank you, Casey!<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\n
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\n
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\nA good, solid villain can make a story soar. But a
\nsimplified, clich\u00e9d villain merely fills an otherwise empty hole in the plot.<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nOne of the keys to crafting a well-rounded villain is to give
\nthem a proper motivation for doing what they do. Let\u2019s face it: we\u2019ve heard the
\n\u201cconquer the entire world\u201d and \u201cdestroy the planet\u201d and \u201cfill the land with
\ndarkness\u201d motives a hundred times. And while these goals are totally workable
\nfor a villain, they feel empty unless there\u2019s a genuinely believable drive
\nbehind them.<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nSo, today let\u2019s take a look at properly motivating your
\nvillain from a psychological perspective. We\u2019ll be using the CANE model as a
\nsort of checklist as we do so. If you\u2019re not familiar with the CANE model,
\nthat\u2019s alright. We\u2019ll discuss it as we go.<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nThe CANE model has five steps: efficacy, agency, affect,
\ntask value, and choice\/persistence. All five of these criteria must be met in
\nsome way. Otherwise, the villain\u2019s motivation will, realistically, disappear.
\nFulfilling all five requirements provides a more believable schema for your
\nantagonist.<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n1.) Efficacy: Is your
\nVillain able<\/i> to accomplish the goal? –<\/span>The absolute first question you need to ask yourself is this: \u201cIs my villain personally able to do what he\/she wants to do?\u201d <\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nLet\u2019s look at the \u201cconquer the earth\u201d clich\u00e9, for instance.
\nIf your villain wants to take over the world, does he\/she have the means to do
\nit? Are they a genius mastermind with an IQ of 300, capable of influencing the
\nworld through mind-altering gamma rays? Maybe they can\u2019t do much physically,
\nbut they have the technical prowess to create an army of cyborgs to do their
\nbidding.<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n If your villain
\nconstantly makes threats about conquering the planet (or the universe or the
\ngalaxy or whatever it is that they\u2019re after) then readers should feel that the
\nvillain is worthy of his\/her claim. A villain who plans to govern the world
\nwith an army of alien invaders, but can\u2019t even create a translator in order to
\nspeak to them, might be lacking in the credibility department. Unless your
\nvillain doubles as your satirical comedy relief, make certain that you give them
\nthe brains, brawn, skills, or capabilities to act out their goals. Motivation
\ndies if this can\u2019t be achieved.<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nThis is one reason why you hear writers stressing the fact
\nthat you should make your villain just as strong as your hero (if not
\nstronger). Readers must believe that the villain is more than capable of
\nachieving their goal, whether that be through resources, mental prowess,
\nphysical strength, magical powers, an army of servants, or something else. The
\nkey word here is able<\/i>. Is your
\nvillain personally able<\/i> to achieve
\nthe goal that they want?<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n2. Agency: Is
\nanything preventing<\/i> the villain from
\naccomplishing the goal? – <\/span>I know what you\u2019re thinking, \u201cOf
\ncourse something\u2019s preventing the villain from accomplishing the goal! It\u2019s
\ncalled \u2018the hero\u2019!\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nWell, pardon the clich\u00e9, but \u201chold your horses\u201d for a second. You\u2019re right, the hero should be the villain\u2019s greatest opposition, but that\u2019s not quite what agency means here.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nWhile efficacy is an internal barrier, agency is an external one. The villain must feel that they are \u201callowed\u201d to pursue the goal. Of course, most villains don\u2019t play along with the laws and rules that govern everyone else, so it\u2019s unlikely that they\u2019ll wait for permission to do what they want. What\u2019s more likely to destroy their goal is an external circumstance that neither they, nor anyone else, can control.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nFor example, if the villain seeks a great power hidden in the depths of an underground city, but the air in that location is poisonous and impassable, then the villain is more likely to not pursue that goal. Of course, if the villain believes that they can create something (like a special breathing apparatus) to survive the toxin, then the motivation won\u2019t die. But if (for example\u2019s sake) there is absolutely no way to survive the toxin, then the villain is most likely going to forget about that particular goal and choose another, more attainable one.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nAnother common external factor is time. Does the villain have enough time to accomplish their goal? Can the villain really collect all seven pieces of the shattered artifact in three days? Can the immortality elixir be produced before the lunar eclipse occurs? And so on. Time is one of the greatest external factors that can shatter a villain\u2019s motivation.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nExternal factors can be anything outside of the villain\u2019s person that directly hinders his or her goals. Examples of external factors are: weather, legal laws\/rules, resources, individuals in higher power, universal laws (gravity, inertia, etc.), time, and nature.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\n3. Affect: How does
\nthe Villain Feel<\/i> about the Goal? – <\/b><\/span>There are two factors that emotionally affect the villain\u2019s
\ngoal\u2014emotions<\/i> and moods<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMoods are long-term feelings that stay with the villain over time. A lot of this has to do with the villain\u2019s personality. A royal antagonist, for example, may have a continuous mood of superiority and a \u201chigher-than-thou\u201d attitude. Their goals will reflect their personal feelings. Whatever they are out to achieve will tie in to their feelings. Attacking and conquering a neighboring kingdom, in this instance, would be directly influenced by the mood of superiority.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nRevenge is heavily influenced by mood. The antagonist feels a certain way towards a character (bitter, humiliated, wronged, etc.) and their mood remains constant towards that character. This provides a stable mentality for the villain to operate from. The mood towards the goal should stay the same. If the villain \u201cdoesn\u2019t feel like it\u201d then they aren\u2019t going to go through with it.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nEmotions, on the other hand, are quick, fleeting, and triggered by specific events. These are more likely to motivate a villain for a short-term goal, or perhaps a smaller goal on the way to their grand one. Traditional \u201cmad scientist\u201d and \u201cinsane\u201d villain types are heavily swayed by emotions, rather than moods. They act on fleeting emotions triggered by small, random events. This makes them unpredictable and unstable. Without a long-term mood to guide them, these villain types sometimes lack a believable, solid motivation.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\n4. Task Value: How is
\nthe goal Important<\/i> to the Villain? – <\/b><\/span>This is the key to establishing a strong
\nmotivation\u2014particularly in a villain. How is the ultimate goal important <\/i>to who the villain is? How
\ndoes accomplishing the goal benefit the villain and his\/her self-image?<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nVillains have selfish goals; therefore, the goals will
\nultimately be self-serving in some way (even when they\u2019re disguised as a
\nbenevolent cause). More importantly, these goals must fulfill some aspect of
\nthe villain\u2019s self-image\u2014how they view themselves and how they want others to
\nview them (powerful, religious, god-like, honorable, malicious, a savior, a
\nmighty warrior, an undisputed monarch, a rebel, etc.).<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\n In The Legend of Korra<\/i>, for example, Amon (the antagonist) seeks to rid the world of bending and put all citizens on \u201cequal grounds.\u201d He blames bending for all the world\u2019s wrongs\u2014starting wars, causing unbalance, and forcing those without bending abilities into a position of societal disadvantage.<\/span>
\n
<\/span>
\nAt first glance, this appears to be a benevolent cause, but take a deeper look and you\u2019ll find that Amon\u2019s motivation is almost completely self-serving. He blames bending, and the Avatar (bending master), for all of the wrongs that have happened in his life (ruining his father, among other thing). As a result, he seeks revenge in order to fulfill a part of who he is to the world\u2014an avenger to the benders and a savior to the world of non-bending. Ultimately, Amon turns to violent and malicious methods in order to accomplish his goals.<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nTo a villain, a goal should have two purposes: (1) to gain
\nsomething that the villain wants and (2) to fulfill some part of the villain\u2019s
\nself-image. Villains should never do things simply \u201cbecause they\u2019re evil.\u201d They
\nshould have something significant to gain from their actions\u2014both materially
\nand individually. <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\n5.
\nChoice\/Persistence: Will the Villain continue to pursue the same Goal, even
\nwhen given other Options? – <\/b><\/span>The final ingredients to motivation are persistence and choice. Does the villain continue to pursue the same goal, through the same antagonistic means, even when other options are presented to him\/her?<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nIf the answer is \u201cyes,\u201d then the villain is highly motivated and unlikely to waver.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nA great example of this is Loki from the MARVEL films. After being unknowingly adopted by Odin, ruler of Asgard, Loki seeks the throne, even though he knows his older brother Thor is entitled to it. Loki\u2019s goal is to become king of Asgard (and wherever else he might rule), and he lets nothing dissuade him from that goal.<\/span>
\n
<\/span>
\nLoki engages in open treason, using violent means towards gaining the throne. Even so, his brother Thor offers him several chances to return to Asgard and be forgiven. Loki pretends to accept Thor\u2019s offers, but only when they further his own goals. He never repents of his wrongs and lets nothing move him away from his ultimate goal. Loki\u2019s motivation is solid. He consistently chooses to continue pursuing the throne, even when given other alternatives.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nVillains have strong motivations when they continue to make
\nthe same choice about a goal, even when given other options towards reaching
\nthat goal (such as in Loki\u2019s case). <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nA Final Note about
\nMotivation<\/span><\/o:p><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\nWhen designing your villain\u2019s motivation and ultimate goal,
\nkeep the following questions in mind:<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u00b7        
\n<\/span><\/span>Is my
\nvillain personally capable of pursuing the goal? <\/b>Does he\/she have the
\nphysical\/mental capabilities and\/or resources required?<\/o:p><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u00b7        
\n<\/span><\/span>Is my
\nvillain \u201callowed\u201d to pursue their goal? <\/b>Are there any external factors that
\nwould realistically put an end to his\/her goal (weather, resources, time,
\nrules\/laws, physics, nature, other individuals of high power, etc.)?<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u00b7        
\n<\/span><\/span>What is
\nmy villain\u2019s over-all mood toward the goal? <\/b>How does this mood tie into the
\ngoal itself?<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u00b7        
\n<\/span><\/span>How is
\nthe goal important to the villain? <\/b>Ask yourself the two most important
\nquestions: (1) what does the villain get out of the goal and (2) how does
\nachieving the goal fulfill or enhance the villain\u2019s self-image?<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u00b7        
\n<\/span><\/span>Will the
\nvillain continue to pursue the same goal, even when given other options towards
\nachieving that goal?<\/o:p><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\nRemember, it\u2019s not enough to have a villain continuously
\npursue a goal blindly, just to fulfill the \u201ccontinue to pursue\u201d requirement.
\nAll five criteria must be met. Otherwise, readers are likely to tap into the
\nfact that something seems unrealistic or \u201coff\u201d about your villain\u2019s motivation
\nand goals. Focus especially on the \u201cimportance to the villain\u201d factor when
\ndeveloping motivation, but don\u2019t overlook the other requirements. They are the
\nsmaller building blocks that uphold the larger structure of \u201cimportance.\u201d<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span>
\n<\/p>\n
\nWhat is your villains goal? Is he capable of pursuing it? Is he allowed to pursue it? How does he feel about it? Is it important to him? Will he see it through to the end?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/span>
\nYou may also like:<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\nReeling In Your Reader: A Guest Post by Lauren Claire<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
\nNine Ways to Meet Writer Friends: A Guest Post by Lauren Claire<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
\nDo You Lack Passion in Your Writing? A Guest Post by Lauren Claire<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
\nHow to Write a 3D Villain Part 1<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\nHow to Write a 3D Villain Part 2<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I’m so sorry this post is late! I’ve been at MomoCon all this weekend, and it’s been exhausting. Posts will be at their regular times next week I promise. My good friend Casey Lynn Covel who I met at the Florida Christian Writers Conference is guest posting this week! She is another aspiring writer. You …<\/p>\n

The Psychology of Writing: Villain Motivation and the CANE Model: A Guest Post by Casey Lynn Covel<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":10803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[56,54],"class_list":["post-10802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-guest-post","tag-writing-tips"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Psychology of Writing: Villain Motivation and the CANE Model: A Guest Post by Casey Lynn Covel - Wanderer's Pen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/victoriagracehowell.com\/staging\/6258\/httpstoritorigraceblogspotcom201304reel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Psychology of Writing: Villain Motivation and the CANE Model: A Guest Post by Casey Lynn Covel - Wanderer's Pen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I’m so sorry this post is late! 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I’ve been at MomoCon all this weekend, and it’s been exhausting. Posts will be at their regular times next week I promise. My good friend Casey Lynn Covel who I met at the Florida Christian Writers Conference is guest posting this week! She is another aspiring writer. 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